History
World War I
The 51st Battalion, Australian Imperial Force was raised at
Tel-El-Kebir,
Egypt, on 1 March 1916 from half of the 11th Battalion (veterans of the
Gallipoli landing) and reinforcements of the 11th and 28th Battalions, all
personnel being Western Australian volunteers. During the period
1899-1902, a number of Western Australian volunteers formed the various
Mounted Infantry units which served in the Boer War in South Africa. In
recognition of their services, These Mounted Infantry were awarded Battle
Honour
which was then awarded to the Western
Australian Infantry Battalions raised for World War One who, by virtue of
being volunteers of the same regional origins, were deemed to be the
successors of the Western Australian Mounted Infantry. So the 51st
Battalion came to bear its first Battle Honour which is still emblazoned
on the Regimental Colour today. The Battalion was granted the colour patch
chocolate brown over Saxe blue.
The new Battalion, under the command of Lt.Col. A.M.Ross
D.S.O., having
been allotted to the 13th Infantry Brigade, 4th Australian Division with
49th, 50th and 52nd Battalions, disembarked at Marseilles, France on 11
June 1916 and moved into the front line at Fleurbaix three days later. The
51st Battalion's first major engagements with the enemy occurred at the
ruins of Pozieres and Mouquet Farm during the period August - September
1916. During these engagements, the Battalion reached its objectives but
was unable to hold the captured positions. In less than three weeks the
Battalion had suffered in excess of 650 casualties.
The Battalion then
shifted to the quieter section of the battlefield in Belgium. There its
major battle was with the rain and the mud and at one stage the Battalion
was down to approximately 300 men due to the shocking conditions they
fought in. On the morning of 2nd April,1917, the Battalion along with the
50th Battalion attacked Noreuil, an outpost village near the Hindenberg
Line. The attack was a success, but the Battalion suffered 239 casualties
during the assault and subsequent defence of the village. The next major
engagement of the 51st Battalion was the counter-attack at Villers
Bretonneux on 24/25 April 1918, during which action the Battalion lost 389
men in just two days. Lieutenant C.W.K. Sadlier won the Victoria Cross for
his valour during the engagement. For the action, the Battalion was
awarded a total of 4l decorations. The depleted 52nd Battalion was
incorporated into the 51st Battalion to make up the numbers for the rest
of the war.
In 1918, a group of English women made a khaki silk flag with the
colour patch of the 51st Battalion emblazoned in the middle and presented
it to the Battalion. This flag is presently held at the Australian War
Memorial, Canberra. On 10 May 1919, at Aiseau in Belgium, the last entry
was made in the War Diary by the Commanding Officer Lieutenant Colonel R.
Christie, DSO and Bar. The losses during the war had been severe. 83
officers and 2,477 other ranks having been killed, wounded or captured. In
1920, all 60 Infantry Battalions of the AIF were awarded silk 'Union Flags
which are to receive all honours and compliments paid to Colours'.
51st Battalion was also awarded the following battle honours:
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Passchendaele
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Ance 1918
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Villers-Bretonneux
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Hamel
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Amiens
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Albert 1918
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Hindenberg Line
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Epehy
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Because of their gallant efforts during World War One, members of
the 51st Battalion were awarded the following decorations:
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Victoria Cross (1)
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Distinguished Service Order (2)
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Bar to DSO (1)
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Officer of the Order of the British Empire (1)
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Military Cross (15)
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Bar to MC (2)
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Distinguished Conduct Medal (14)
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Military Medal (110)
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Bar to MM (3)
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Meritorious Service Medal (9)
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Croix de Guerre (France) (2)
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Croix de Guerre (Belgium) (2)
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Medal of St George 4th Class (Russia) (1)
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Order of the Crown of Rumania (Chevalier) (1)
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Order of the White Eagle, 5th Class (Serbian) (1)
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Mentioned in Despatches (30)
Inter War Years
As a result of an Army reorganisation, 51st Battalion was reraised
at Subiaco, Western Australia in 1921. The unit was subsequently
reformed as a Militia unit, the 51st Battalion, at Launceston,
Tasmania in 1922. During 1924, the unit was relocated to Gladesville,
Sydney, New South Wales, and the 51st Battalion now became a member of
the 8th Brigade 1st Division. In 1927, the unit relocated to Ryde,
also in New South Wales, and was renamed the 51st Battalion, The Field
of Mars Regiment and awarded the motto 'Ducit Amor Patriate (Love of
Country Leads Me). During 1930, the unit was amalgamated with the 30th
Battalion (New South Wales Scottish) at Ryde. This amalgamation
remained until 1935 when both battalions split and the 51st became
amalgamated with the 18th Battalion to become 18th/51st Battalion.
World War II
On 1 October 1936 at Cairns, Queensland, the 51st Battalion Far
North Queensland regiment was formed and retained the motto 'Ducit
Amor Patriae'. The Battalion was granted a distinctive black badge
described as 'within a belt bearing the motto a kookaburra perched on
a branch, holding in its beak a snake within a wreath of bay issuant
from behind a rose, the whole surmounted by a crown. The Innisfail
depot, located at Calender park, was built for the Battalion's use in
1939 and remains in use today. When war was declared in 1939, 51st
Battalion lost many of its militiamen to the 2nd AIF as volunteers.
The Battalion continued to train for its Militia role in Cairns until
the Japanese entered the war in December 1941, at which time the 51st
Battalion was placed on full time duty and given the role of defence
of the area from Port Douglas to Gordonvale. At various times during
this period, the Battalion was located at Cairns and Townsville. In
early 1943, the Government released 'all essential rural workers from
military service'. With their ranks severely depleted, the 51st
Battalion Far North Queensland Regiment (Cairns) and 31st Battalion
The Kennedy Regiment (Townsville) were amalgamated on 12 April 1943
and renamed 31st/51st Battalion. This amalgamation took place at Yatee
now (1987) the site of the old Sikh mosque south of Edmonton where the
new Battalion trained until 20 June 1943, when they embarked for
overseas service. Disembarkation occurred at Merauke, Dutch new
Guinea, on 16 July 1943 and the Battalion conducted successful
patrolling operations in this area until 24 July 1944 when it was
designated an AIF Battalion (75% of it's members having volunteered
for the AIF) and renamed 31/51st Battalion, AIF, thus adding a grey
border to its colour patch.
The Battalion returned to Australia during August 1944 and
underwent further training at Strathpine (near Brisbane) until
embarkation for Bougainville, Solomon Islands, in December 1944. On 8
June 1945, A and a part of C Companies were landed at Porton
Plantation in the north of Bougainville and became involved in the
Battalion's heaviest fighting of World War Two. Of the 190 members
involved in the Battle, 23 were either killed or missing in action,
while 106 were wounded. The survivors were evacuated from Porton on 11
June 1945. The General Officer Commanding 2nd Australian Corps AIF,
Lieutenant General S.G. Saviage, stated that 'the bravery of the men in
the Porton operation had not been surpassed by Australian troops in
either World War One or World War Two'.
Commander in Chief, General Sir Thomas Blamey, visited the
Battalion while the Battle of Porton was in progress on 09 June 1945
and said that it was 'one of the most stirring episode I have ever
seen. I was deeply impressed by the determined courage of the men. It
was a most gallant and inspiring spectacle'. On the unconditional
surrender of the Japanese in September 1945, the Battalion was split
up with elements being relocated to Nauru, Rabaul and Ocean Island
where they served until returning to Australia and demobilised at
Townsville and Cairns in June 1946. During hostilities the Battalion
suffered 46 members Killed in Action, 11 Died of Wounds, 2 Acc. Killed
and 1 Died of Illness.
The service of 31/51st Battalion during World War Two resulted in
the following Battle Honours being awarded:
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Liberation of Australian New Guinea
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Tsimba Ridge
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Bonis-Porton
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South West Pacific 1943-45
Due to their efforts in World War Two, members of 31/51st Battalion
won the following decorations:
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Distinguished Service Order (1)
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Military Cross (3)
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Distinguished Conduct Medal (1)
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Military Medal (10)
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British Empire Medal (1)
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Mentioned in Despatches (27)
Post War
Some records indicate that the 51st Battalion Far North Queensland
Regiment was reraised at Cairns in 1949, while others attest that the
Battalion was reformed at Atherton in May 1950, with headquarters at
Cairns and sub-units being located at Atherton, Innisfail, Tully,
Mareeba, Babinda and Gordonvale. In 1950, the 51st Battalion Far North
Queensland Regiment was presented its first King's and Regimental
Colours incorporating the Battle Honours of all of its predecessor
Battalions In June 1951, nine members of the 51st Battalion
represented the unit at the Jubilee Celebrations at Canberra. On 18
August 1957 Queen's and Regimental Colours were presented to the 51st
Battalion Far.
North Queensland Regiment by His Excellency, Field Marshall Sir
William Slim, GCB, GCMG, GCVO, GBE, DSO, MC, Governor General of
Australia while on the 1st 1957, the original King's and Regimental
Colours were laid up in the Cairns City Council Chambers. These were
subsequently transferred to the Australian War Memorial, Canberra in
1973. On 12 September 1959, the Commanding Officer, Officers and Men
of the Far North Queensland Regiment were extended the Freedom of the
City of Cairns by the Mayor and Council.
The 51st Battalion Far North Queensland Regiment was again
reorganised on 3 June 1960 when it was integrated with 31st Battalion,
the Kennedy Regiment and 42nd Battalion, The Capricornia Regiment and
renamed 2nd Battalion, The Royal Queensland Regiment, with Battalion
headquarters located at Townsville. This was part of an Australia wide
reorganisation of the Citizen Military Forces which saw the formation
of State Regiments. The new Regiments inherited the Battle Honour of
all their composite Battalions and Regiments, but the individual
Battalions/Companies retained custody of the Colours of their parent
Regiments.
A further reorganisation of the Citizen Military Forces saw an
expansion of 2nd Battalion, the Royal Queensland Regiment into its
original Battalion structure and the 51st Battalion was reraised as
51st Battalion The Royal Queensland Regiment at Cairns on 24 May 1965.
On 16 November 1969, His Excellency The Honourable Sir Alan
Mansfield, KCMG, Governor of Queensland, presented the Queen's and
Regimental Colours of the Royal Queensland Regiment to the 51st
Battalion at Cairns. The Queen's and Regimental Colours of the 51st
Battalion Far North Queensland Regiment being laid up at St Monica's
War Memorial Cathedral, Cairns on 30 November 1969. On 19th of October
1969, the 51st Battalion Association comprising the surviving members
of the 51st Battalion AIF from World War One, held a Laying Up of the
Colours Ceremony at the State War Memorial at King's Park, Perth,
Western Australia, during which a plaque was laid to represent the
Queen's and Regimental Colours of the 51st Battalion. Her Majesty
Queen Elizabeth II conducted a Royal tour of Australia during 1970,
the 51st Battalion became the only Citizens Military Forces Battalion
in Queensland to provide a Royal Guard of Honour during that tour,
when her Majesty visited Cairns on 23 April 1970.
13th September 1970 saw the 51st Battalion move its home to the
newly constructed Porton Training Depot at 45 Tills Street Cairns.
This depot was named in honour of the gallantry of the men of
31st/51st Battalion in the battle at Porton Plantation in June 1945.
28 October 1973 saw the Commanding Officer, Officers and men again
being extended the freedom of the City of Cairns, this time as the
51st Battalion, The Royal Queensland Regiment. Yet another Army
reorganisation was to occur with the 51st Battalion being reduced in
numbers and renamed the 51st Independent Rifle Company, The Royal
Queensland Regiment on3l July 1976.
In the early 1980s, the army began to pay more attention to the
northern regions of the nation and raised Regional Force Surveillance
Units in the Northern Territory and Western Australia, based on a
squadron/troop structure. On 1 October 1985, the 51st Independent
Rifle Company, the Royal Queensland Regiment, was re-organised as the
Royal Force Surveillance unit in north Queensland and renamed the 51st
Battalion Far North Queensland Regiment (51 FNQR) This unit differed
from the North West Mobile Force. (NORFORCE)
The new 51st Battalion had Battalion Headquarters, Administration
Company, A Company Headquarters and a platoon located in Cairns along
with B Company Headquarters, while the platoons of A Company were
dispersed at Atherton and Innisfail. B Company Platoons were located
at Weipa, Bamaga and the Torres Strait Islands.
As the 51st Battalion was no longer part of the Royal Queensland
Regiment, the Queen's and Regimental Colours were laid up in St
Monica's War Memorial Cathedral Cairns on 7 June 1986. On its
reformation in 1985, the 51st Battalion Far North Queensland Regiment
adopted the colour patch of the original 51st Battalion AIF and the
badge and motto of the original 51st Battalion Far North Queensland
Regiment; the new badge being surmounted by the Queen's crown instead
of the King's crown of the original.
On 1 October 1987, the 51st anniversary of the raising of the
original 51st Battalion Far North Queensland Regiment at Cairns, His
Excellency Air Marshal Sir James Rowland, AC, KBE, DFC, AFC,
Administrator of the Commonwealth of Australia, presented the new
Queen's and Regimental Colours of the 51st Battalion Far North
Queensland Regiment at the North Cairns Oval. During the latter half
of 1987, the Battalion extended its recruiting base and soldiers were
enlisted from Kowanyama, Edward River Mission (Pormparaaw), Aurukun
and Lockhart River. In early 1988, Charlie Company was raised
incorporating the Torres Strait Islands and Bamaga, with headquarters
on Thursday Island. In 1990, a further Company, D Company, was raised
with headquarters in Mount Isa and platoons in Doomadgee, Cloncurry,
Normanton, and Mornington Island. Army Orders of 1937 record that the
51st Battalion Far North Queensland Regiment was affiliated with The
King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry (KOYLI). However, this
relationship appears to have lapsed and no record is available of the
date of or the reasons for the affiliation. The most likely
association is that the KOYLI was formally known as the 51st Regiment
of Foot and detachments of that Regiment service in Tasmania and
Western Australia, two of the previous homes of the 51st Battalion,
circa 1840. During the British Army reorganisation of 1960 - 61, The
King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry ceased to exist as an entity and
was absorbed onto the Light Division which, in 1987, was located in a
new barracks, The Sir John Moore Barracks, at Hants, England, as a
composite Regular Army/Territorial Army Division.
During its time as a member of the Royal Queensland Regiment, the
51st Battalion bore affiliations with the following units:
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The Kings Own Royal Border Regiment
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The King's Own Scottish Borderers
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The Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment)
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The Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders (Princess Louise's)
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The Lincoln and Walland Regiment (Canada)
The unit has, as its Regimental March, 'The Far North Queensland
Regiment' written by Allen Rains, a member of the Battalion Band, at
Merauke in 1943. It is the only such march written especially for and
containing the title of the unit, of any unit in the Australian Army.
It was dedicated to the men of 31/51st Battalion and adopted by the
51St Battalion in 1957. Sergeant R.J. McMellon, 2/4 RAR pipes and
drums, wrote the march 'The Black Kookaburra' and P.M.Wm Gall wrote
the slow march 'Soldiers of the North'. Both of these marches were
written on the occasion of the presentation of the Queen's and
Regimental Colours to the 51st Battalion Far North Queensland Regiment
on 1 October 1987 as the Regimental March could not be played by Pipes
and Drums as used on that parade.
COMMANDING OFFICERS
51st BATTALION AIF. EGYPT, FRANCE and BELGIUM
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Lt.Col. A.M.Ross DSO..........................1 Mar.1916 - 30
Nov.1916
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Maj. R.Christie ................................... 30 Nov.1916 -6
Feb.1917
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Lt.Col. C.C.Ridley DSO........................ 6 Feb.1917 -23
Oct.1917
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Lt.Col. R.Christie DSO & Bar, CdeG(Bel) 23 Oct.1917- 10 Mar1919
2nd BATTALION, 51st INFANTRY REGIMENT. WESTERN AUSTRALIA
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Lt.Col. T.Flintoff ..... 1 Oct.1918 - 11 Mar.1921
51st BATTALION LAUNCESTON, TASMANIA
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Maj. B. Sampson DSO ..... 1 Aug.1922-30 Jun.1924
51st BATTALION GLADESVILLE, N.S.W.
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Lt.Col. R.M. Sadler DSO, MC .....1 Jul.1924- 16 Mar.1927
51st BATTALION RYDE, N.S.W.
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Lt.Col. W.G.Penrose VD .....1st July 1935- 30th Sep 1936
51st BATTALION, 11th MIXED BRIGADE
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Maj. H.C. Harris ED......1 Oct.1936 -30 Nov.1936
51st BATTALION THE FAR NORTH QUEENSLAND REGIMENT, CAIRNS NQ.
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Lt.Col. H.C. Harris, ED.....................1 Dec.1936 - 16 Mar.1942
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Lt.Col. D.C. Isaachsen, DSO, ED......11 Aug.1942 - 2 Sep.1942
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Lt.Col. G.H. Brock, DSO...................18 Sep.1942 - 12 Apr. 1943
31st/51st BATTALION
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Lt.Col. G.H. Brock, DSO (Died of Illness)..12 Apr. 1943 - 18 Dec
1943
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Maj. W.H. Harris, MM (Admin Comd)..........26 Apr 1943 - 16 Jul 1943
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Maj. W.H. Harris, M (Admin Comd)..........3 Dec 1943 - 25 Dec 1943
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Maj. E.J. Callinan (Admin Comd)...............25 Dec 1943 - 6 Apr
1944
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Lt.Col. P.K. Parbuly, MC.........................7 Apr 1944 - 30 Nov
1944
3lst/5lst BATTALION AIF
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Lt.Col. J.L.A. Kelly, DSO............1 Dec.1944 - 5 Feb.1946
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Capt. AJ. Miller (Admin Comd)....5 Feb.1946 -3 Mar.1946
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Maj MG. Hassell (Admin Comd) 3 Mar.1946 - 15 Apr.1946
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Lt. Col. D.J. Lamb.....................15 Apr.1946 -3 Jun. 1946
51st BATTALION, THE FAR NORTH QUEENSLAND REGIMENT
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Col. C.J. Cummings, DSO, OBE, ED....16 Jan 1950 - 13 Jan.1952
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Lt.Col. E.C. Williams, ED.....................14 Jan.1952 - 12
May.1955
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Lt.Col. H.S. Williams...........................13 May 1955 -31
Aug.1958
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Lt.Col. F.J. Hartridge............................1 Sep.1958 - 2 Jun
1960
2nd BATTALION, THE ROYAL QUEENSLAND REGIMENT
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Col. IM. Hunter, CVO, MBE.........1 Jul.1961 - 11 Dec.1962
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Col. E.G. McNamara, OBE, ED...12 Dec.1962 - 18 Dec.1964
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Col. S.T.G. Coleman, OBE..........19 Dec.1964-30 Jun.1965
51ST BATTALION THE ROYAL QUEENSLAND REGIMENT
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Lt.Col. E.S. Davis, MC, ED .........1 Jul.1965 - 6 Apr.1968
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Lt.Col. B.T.P. Cranwell, ED .........12 Dec. 1962 - 1 Feb 1971
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Lt.Col. R.J. Sharp, ED ................1 Feb 1971 - 2 Aug 1972
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Lt.Col. E.J. Shambrook, ED.........3 Aug 1972 - 1 Sep 1974
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Lt.Col. J.J. MacFarlane ...............2 Sep 1974 - 30 Jul 1975
51st INDEPENDENT RIFLE COMPANY THE ROYAL QUEENSLAND REGIMENT
(OFFICERS COMMANDING)
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Maj. F.J. Liston, ED..........31 Jul. 1975- 6Jul 1978
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Maj. B.J. Ball, ED.............7 Jul.1978 -3 Jan.1980
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Maj. L.G. Beck, RFD, ED..3 Jan.1980 -24 Oct.1983
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Maj. P.B. Murphy.............28 Oct.1983 -4 Jul.1986
51st BATTALION THE FAR NORTH QUEENSLAND REGIMENT
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Lt.Col. K.D. Ryan.........1 Oct.1986 -31 Jan.1988
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Lt.Col. J.B. Langler.......31 Jan.1988 - Dec.1990
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Lt.Col. J.J. Culleton.......Jan.1990 - 6 Jun.1993 7Jun.1993
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Lt.Col. R.J. Tink...........7 Jun. 1993 - 31 Dec 1995
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Lt.Col. M. Renden .......1 Jan 1996 - 31 Dec 1997
REGIMENTAL SERGEANT MAJORS of the.. 51st Battalions
51st Battalion AIF
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WO 1 F.Renner
51st Battalion (Militia) Western Australia Launceston Tasmania
51st Battalion, 8th Infantry Brigade, 1st Division Gladesville, New
South Wales
51st Battalion, The Field of Mars Regiment Ryde, New South Wales
30th/51st Battalion Ryde, New South Wales
18th/51st Battalion Ryde, New South Wales
51st Battalion, 11th Mixed Brigade Cairns, Queensland
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WO 1 Wilson.......1938
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WO 1 C Howard...1938-1939
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WO 1 A Williams.1939-1940
31/51st Battalion
3lst/5lst Battalion AIF
51st Battalion, The Far North Queensland Regiment
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WO1 C Howard......1950 -
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WO1 G. Knowles
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WO1 Brown
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WO1 W Bell............-1957
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WO1 KG Beil
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WO1 Duncombe
2nd Battalion, The Royal Queensland Regiment Townsville, Cairns,
Rockhampton.
51st Battalion, The Royal Queensland Regiment
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WO1 C. Thompson
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WO1 R. Deed
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WO1 B. Weale
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WO1 B. Betts
51st Independent Rifle Company The Royal Queensland Regiment
Company Sergeant Majors
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WO 2 R. Walker
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WO 2 D. Kohler
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WO 2 M. Upton
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WO 2 A. Hutton
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WO 2 J. Jenkins
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WO 2 J. Meyers
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WO 2 Cheesman
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WO 2 Burgess
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WO 2 D.J. Walker
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WO 2 D. Russell
51st Battalion, The Far North Queensland Regiment
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WO1 R.M. West.................1987 - 1989
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WO1 H.L. Smith.................1989 - 1991
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WO1 M.A. Caughey.............1991 - 1994
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WO1 A. Drummond O.A.M..1994 - 1996
HONORARY COLONELS THE 51st BATTALIONS
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Hon Brig.Gen.W. Martin, VD, (RL)..... 21 Mar 1921 - 30 Jun 1924
GLADES VILLE, NSW
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Hon
Brig.Gen.W.Martin,VD, (RL)....... 1 Jul 1924 - 16 Mar 1927
51st BATTALION THE HELD OF MARS REGIMENT, RYDE, NSW
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Hon Brig.Gen.W. Martin, VD, (RL)......17 Mar 1927 - 30 Jun 1930
3Oth/5lst BATTALION
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Hon Brig.Gen.W.Martin, VD, (RL)...... 1 Jul 1930 - 30 Jun 1935
18th/5lst
BATTALION, WILLOUGHBY, NSW.
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Hon Brig.Gen.W.Martin, VD, (Rb).......1 Jul 1935 - 30 Sept. 1936
51st BATTALION, THE FAR NORTH QUEENSLAND REGIMENT CAIRNS,
QUEENSLAND.
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Hon Brig (lien W. Martin, VD, (Rb)......1 Oct 1936 - at least 1937
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LtGen RH Nimmo,
CBE.......................1951-17Mar1958
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His Excellency Colonel Sir Henry Abel Smith, Governor of Queensland
18 Mar 1958 - 2 Jun 1960 KCMG, KCVO, KBE, CB,
2nd BATTALION and 51st BATTALION THE ROYAL QUEENSLAND REGIMENT
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His Excellency Colonel Sir Henry Abel Smith, 19 Aug 1960 - 31 Mar
1967 KCMG, KCVO, KBE, CB, Governor of Queensland
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Brig. J.L. Amies, CBE, ED......1 Apr1967-
10 May 1973
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His Excellency, Air Marshall Sir Cohn Hannah,
KCMG, KBE, CB, Governor
of Queensland.....11 May 1973- 20 Mar 1977
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His Excellency CDRE Sir James Ramsay,
CBE, DSC, Governor of
Queensland............. 22Apr 1977-22Jul 1985
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His Excellency The Honourable Sir Walter Campbell, Governor of
Queensland...............................22Jul 1985 -30 Sep 1985
51st BATTALION THE FAR NORTH QUEENSLAND REGIMENT
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Lt.Col. Sir Sydney Williams, OBE, ED......21 Sep 1987 - 12
Nov 1993
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Brig G.L. Mansford,
AM...........................12 Nov.1993 -__
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